Role of retinal biomarkers in diabetes detection and risk prediction: a systematic scoping review

AI Generated Summary*

A PRISMA-ScR scoping review mapped retinal biomarkers linked to type 2 diabetes in adults with a normoglycemic comparison group. Seven databases yielded 34 eligible studies, 27 cross-sectional and 7 longitudinal, published from 2002 onward; 18 involved White and 15 Asian participants. Wider arteriolar caliber appeared in 13 of 29 caliber studies and wider venular caliber in 9. In longitudinal work, arteriolar narrowing predicted incident disease in 3 of 7 studies, mainly in White cohorts. Tortuosity was raised in 7 of 10 cross-sectional studies, while fractal dimension results were mixed and arteriole-to-venule ratio was inconsistent. Only seven studies used AI, mostly segmentation and six of them from China.

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